All texts whether historical or literary are various discources in which cultural and social phenomenon are revealed. The selection of TARIKH-E BEYHAQI by Abol Fazl-e BEYHAQI (a historical text) and Samak-e Ayar by Faramarz ebn-e Khodadad (a literary text) is because of their significant position in cultural, linguistic and literary texts. This paper's basic theme is that in Samak-e Ayar the female characters generally belong to the common classes whilst in TARIKH-E BEYHAQI the female characters belong to the aristocratic class. Therefore a comparative study of the two types of female characters in their own context can reveal the function of the discourse in creating dynamic or satic female characters in either of the two texts in question.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present article is carried out with the aim of measuring the components of embodied cultural capital in the book of BEYHAQI"s history. The concept of cultural capital is considered as a resource that individuals, groups and societies use to achieve desired results; Therefore, cultural capital is a set of beliefs, information, privileges, and the like that every person needs in order to be a member of a class of society. According to Pierre Bourdieu"s point of view, cultural capital can be examined in three areas: subjective or embodied, objective, and institutional. The meaning of tangible cultural capital is that type of acquired information that is internalized in the form of stable desires of the organism and is classified as one"s abilities. METHODOLOGY: This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose, which library and internet sources including books and articles, theses and dissertations have been used to complete the theoretical foundations. The scope and society under study includes the book BEYHAQI"s history by Khalil Khatib Rahbar, published by Mehtab (2004). FINDINGS: Based on the findings of this research, the cultural attitudes in the book of Beyhaghi history can be classified under three main sections, which include political, religious and moral attitudes. CONCLUSION: In the political field, emphasis should be placed on prudence and avoiding unwiseness and consultation on various issues of the country; In the religious field, observing the practical rituals of Islam such as praying, giving alms, reading the Qur"an, believing in God"s judgment and destiny, and trusting in self-knowledge; And in the moral and educational part, themes such as forgiveness and trustworthiness, self-control, wisdom and kindness, study, avoiding misbehavior, greed, lying, backbiting, informant and gossip and things of this type can be observed.

Abolfazl BEYHAQI, no doubt, was a Sunni Muslim, but of what branch of it is open to question. In his Tarikh, there is such a strong belief in destiny that he appears as a fatalist. On the other hand, regarding the responsibility he believes his historical characters had, he does not seemingly deny free will. Moreover, wisdom and rationalism are widely praised there, while he considers the Mo’tazileh rationalists as foes of Islam as Zendiqs (atheists) and Dahris (materialists). So, what religion could it be called? It cannot be marked as Ash'ari because the Ash’aris do not agree with rationalism. They do not even consider distinguishing between the good and bad as a matter of rationalistic practice. They had commitment just to what the Shar’ (Divine Law) knows as good or bad. Besides, they were not in a politically good position until the Seljuk took power in about the latter half of the fifth century AH, while in the time when in Basrah and Baqdad, Ash’ari began to reform religious beliefs, in Samarqand district, Abu - Mansour Matoridi (died in 333 AH) emerged with the ideology close to that of Ash’ari’s. Due to the importance he gave to rationalism, of course not so much as Ash’ari did, he attracted Ash’ari’s students who defended his views as revival of perfect Sunni Religion. Abolfazl BEYHAQI praises Abu Hanifah in his Tarikh; since most Hanafis were Matoridis, he can be considered as “Matoridi”. The present article, comparing and contrasting some writings of Beihaqi with Ash’ari and Matoridi beliefs, brings up and studies the probablity of his being Matoridi.

Amir Mohammad’s blindness and descend was mentioned in the beginning of nearly all sources discussing his imprisonment. However, the BEYHAQI history and Zeanolakhbar (Gardizi), the main works of the Ghaznavid dynasty do not mention these at all, thus the clarity of this matter is still left to be discussed. According to critics, it would be obvious that these two sources are provided by people with strong ties to the court of Gaznavid. Abolfazel-e BEYHAQI, one of the most outstanding historians and annalists of the court of Gazne in the 5th century, does not report on the subject of Amir Mohammad. The incident involving Amir Mohammad is only mentioned later on in literature, approximately from the 6th century. Therefore, the gaps between the early sources and later texts on the subject, cast doubts on the matter.In this paper the authenticity of the matter will be discussed by examining the quotations from available sources and foundations, to accept that Amir Mohammad had been blind in 1030; despite BEYHAQI’s silence on the event in the final part of Maso'ud’s regime. Yet this needs more valid sources, such have not been available so far. This paper examines the measure of valid references. However, the interpretation of those available references may shed some light on this issue.

Tarikhe Bayhaqi, penned by the renowned Persian literary maestro Abulfazl BEYHAQI, provides an account of the historical incidents during the Ghaznavid era, and explores the ethical traits of the individuals from that period through a narrative approach. Highlighting the particulars and elucidations within Bayhaqi's exposition and analysis of character traits underscores his meticulous consideration of moral cognitive advancements. While primarily serving as a historical account of a ruling dynasty, Bayhaqi's writing style has transformed it into a comprehensive work aligned with ethical standards and repercussions. The moral development theory proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, a distinguished American psychologist and renowned professor at the University of Chicago, delineates three distinct levels of moral development based on individuals' normative traits. This theory can serve as a pertinent theoretical framework for scrutinizing the Tarikhe Bayhaqi's characteristics. Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a cognitive approach to ethics that has been the basis for various research studies. The main objective of this research is to investigate the behavior of fictional characters in Tarikhe Bayhaqi using Kohlberg's theory of moral development and determine whether their traits align with Kohlberg's stages of moral development. By examining this issue in a descriptive and analytical manner, the study has identified six key moral components related to the characters' behavior in Tarikhe Bayhaqi, each of which encompasses several behaviors. Each behavior reflects a specific motivation, which also corresponds to Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

“Walter Benjamin”, whose name is associated with “Frankfurt School”, is a thinker who allows a dominion superior than practical and communicative dominions and in contrast with reductionism-that reduces language to an inter-subjective tool- he deals with theorization in this field.In Benjamin’s view, language is superior than communicative action of human and gets an existential status; if we reduce language just to its communicative and instrumental trait, we would read the lines of texts and would never understand in-between texts. He applies “Assertive act” in contrast with communicative quality of language and believes that author can produce a literary text by entering into expressive dominion of language. TARIKH-E Beihaqi as a pure artistic work has great capacities to approach a language that has surpassed communicative trait and applies an expressive quality of language to express hidden meanings behind the words. The study dealt with this issue and concluded that Beihaqi produced a literary work with high literary competence based on expressive quality of language that one can interpret it poetically as he applied highlighting tools in lexical and semantic areas of language and the essence of poetry and poem in his work.

Bayhaqi researchers in more pay attention to his fact narrating, on time brevity and verbosity has made the history as the interestingstory, but attention to the lingual art and particularly his combination ability was under implication.in the paper it is tried to consider Bayhaqi Combination art. This particular aspect of the Bayhaqiart according to defamiliarizationis analyzed based on Defamiliarization of language. Other matters dealt with in this paper Is that most of the combinations of Bayhaqi history is made of the ability of mentioned author. Bayhaqi has done this in different situations of story world to exercise The purpose of his word. Derivative Combination of Bayhaqi novellabeled as follows: prefixe compounds and quasi prefix compounds, Subject adjectives, object adjectives, noun compounds adjectival compounds, and bonding words. The overall result of this study is that Bayhaqihas made numerous good compounds indicating that he has mastered the art of making language Story. Therefore it can be said that the author’s ability to pay in the story facts and his amazing description of different scenes, creating unique combinations in the language field is Another distinctive trait of Bayhaqi.

This article examines a letter from Beyhagi s history, based on pragmatic theories. Based on this approach, the context of situation, diexis, including: social, personal, time and spatial diexis are analyzed in the text. In other words, the communicative competence of the writer or his linguistic knowledge and his application of rules in different situations are taken into consideration. Since the communicative competence of the writer is interrelated with his attitude and motivation and in so far as the description of language functions in a text can illustrate some of the linguistic features, not explicitly cited in the text, such analyses may play an important role in our literature. To this end, the segmental elements like words, and sentences as well as some supra segmental features like stress and intonation are analyzed in the text.

Man achieves knowledge through many ways. Higher and lower situations, and the cultural, political and religious fundamentals and traditions prevailing the societies shape the human Knowledge and determine his functions. In this paper the most important epistemological approaches to TARIKH-E BEYHAQI is treated under four major issues by discursive and analytical method: Literary and social, Cultural, religious and political traditions. The research findings show that BEYHAQI has attempted To form the epistemological principles of the readers along with certain objectives and approaches through various ways.